The axial skeleton includes which components?

The axial skeleton is primarily composed of the central core of the body, which includes the head, spine, and rib cage. This skeletal structure's main function is to protect vital organs, such as the brain, heart, and lungs, and it provides support for the body’s weight and posture. The skull houses and protects the brain, the vertebral column supports the body's structure and allows for flexibility and movement, and the rib cage protects the thoracic cavity where the heart and lungs are located.

The other options do not correctly encompass the axial skeleton. The arms, hands, feet, hips, knees, and ankles fall under the appendicular skeleton, which is responsible for limb movement and interaction with the environment. Understanding the distinction between these two parts of the skeleton is essential for comprehending human anatomy in the context of movement and exercise.