What is NOT a movement that the frontal plane involves?

The frontal plane divides the body into front and back halves and primarily involves movements that occur side-to-side. In this plane, movements such as elevation and adduction are clearly defined. Elevation, such as lifting the shoulders, and adduction, which refers to bringing a limb toward the midline of the body, are key movements within this plane.

Lateral flexion, which commonly occurs in the spine as the torso bends to the side, also takes place in the frontal plane as it involves bending away from the midline.

In contrast, rotation is a movement that primarily occurs in the transverse plane, which divides the body into top and bottom halves. This is why it is identified as the movement that does not belong to the frontal plane. Understanding the spatial orientation of movements and their respective planes is crucial for applying proper techniques in Pilates and ensuring effective and safe practice.