What type of joint is primarily responsible for flexion and extension movements?

The hinge joint is primarily responsible for flexion and extension movements due to its unique structural design. This type of joint allows movement in one plane, resembling the action of a door swinging on its hinges. For example, the knee and elbow are both hinge joints that enable flexion (decreasing the angle between two body parts) and extension (increasing the angle), which are fundamental movements in many physical activities and exercises, including those practiced in Stott Pilates.

In contrast, the other joint types have different movement capabilities. Ball and socket joints, like the hip and shoulder, allow for a greater range of motion including rotation and movement in multiple planes but are not limited to just flexion and extension. Pivot joints, found in the neck and between the radius and ulna in the forearm, facilitate rotational movements rather than the straightforward flexion and extension provided by hinge joints. Planar joints, which allow for gliding movements, do not specifically cater to flexion and extension but rather allow for slight sliding motions between flat surfaces. Thus, hinge joints are best suited for these specific movements.